East Dereham / Dearham / Deerham / Dereham / Derham / Market Dereham

Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

Results: 31 records

Click to view images and/or subjects

B01: sacrament - baptism

Scene Description: on the northwest side

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B02: sacrament - confirmation

Scene Description: on the north side<

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B03: sacrament - penance

Scene Description: on the northeast side

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B04: sacrament - eucharist

Scene Description: on the east side

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B05: sacrament - holy orders

Scene Description: on the southeast side

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B06: sacrament - marriage

Scene Description: on the south side

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B07: sacrament - extreme unction

Scene Description: on the southwest side

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B08: New Testament - Passion of Christ - Crucifixion

Scene Description: on the west side

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

Apostle or saint - Apostles - unidenitfied - 1 per niche - 6

Scene Description: each in a niche on the side of the stem, but only six: "Andrew, James GT., Bartholomew, Jude, James Lt?, Philip, Thomas?" [cf. FontNotes]

Image Source: detail of a B&W photograph taken 11 September 1975 by George Plunkett [www.georgeplunkett.co.uk/Norfolk/E/E Dereham St Nicholas' church font SE sides [5465] 1975-09-11.jpg] [accessed 26 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

angel - demi-figure - holding object - 8

Scene Description: each appears to hold a different object

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

animal

Scene Description: some, badly damaged, at the angles of the lower base. Nichols identifies a lion and a bird [cf. FontNotes]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

cleric - 3

Scene Description: some, badly damaged, at the angles of the lower base [cf. FontNotes]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

design element - motifs - floral - in a quatrefoil - pointed or cusped quatrefoil

Scene Description: three on each side of the upper step of the plinth, except the one which serves a priest's stone

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

information

Scene Description: the cost of the font in 1468, "copied from the original Church account"

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Carter (1838: p. 106)

Copyright Instructions: PD

information

Scene Description: the cost of the font in 1468, "extract from the church accounts"

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Gough (1792: 196-197)

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of base - detail

Scene Description: the figure in the centre identified in Knott as St. Dorothy [cf. FontNotes]

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

view of basin - iconographic program

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Carter (1838: pl. LXXVI) [detail]

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of church exterior - churchyard, cemetery - well

Scene Description: St. Withburga's well, in the churchyard, west of the church

Image Source: B&W photograph taken 27 March 1937 by George Plunkett [www.georgeplunkett.co.uk/Norfolk/E/E Dereham St Withburga's Well in churchyard [1531] 1937-03-27.jpg] [accessed 26 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

view of church exterior - churchyard, cemetery - well

Scene Description: St. Withburga's well, in the churchyard, west of the church

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 26 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

view of church exterior - south portal

Image Source: B&W photograph taken 11 September 1975 by George Plunkett [www.georgeplunkett.co.uk/Norfolk/E/E Dereham St Nicholas' church Norman S door [5464] 1975-09-11.jpg] [accessed 26 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

view of church exterior - south view

Image Source: B&W photograph taken 27 March 1937 by George Plunkett [www.georgeplunkett.co.uk/Norfolk/E/E Dereham St Nicholas' church south side [1534] 1937-03-27.jpg] [accessed 26 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

view of church exterior - south view

Scene Description: Photo caption: "Detached 16c tower, and south side of church"

Image Source: B&W photograph taken 26 June 1948 by George Plunkett [www.georgeplunkett.co.uk/Norfolk/E/E Dereham St Nicholas' church bell tower [3695] 1948-06-26.jpg] [accessed 28 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

view of church exterior - tower - west side

Image Source: B&W photograph taken 27 March 1937 by George Plunkett [www.georgeplunkett.co.uk/Norfolk/E/E Dereham St Nicholas' church bell tower [1530] 1937-03-27.jpg] [accessed 26 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

view of church exterior in context

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 26 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

view of font

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Cautley (1949: 134)

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of font

Image Source: digital image of a woodcut by Orlando Jewitt in Rickman & Parker (1881: 285)

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of font

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in B&W photograph in Bond (1908)

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of font

Image Source: digital image of an engraving in Knight (1845) [http://fromoldbooks.org/OldEngland/pages/1313-Font-in-East-Dereham-Church-Norfolk/]

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of font - east side

Image Source: digital photograph taken 12 April 2006 by Simon Knott [http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/derehamnicholas/derehamnicholas.htm] [accessed 22 July 2009]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

view of font - southeast side

Scene Description: Photo caption: "Seven sacrament font constructed in 1468 at a cost of 12 pounds 13 shillings 9 pence. SE panel Ordination"

Image Source: B&W photograph taken 11 September 1975 by George Plunkett [www.georgeplunkett.co.uk/Norfolk/E/E Dereham St Nicholas' church font SE sides [5465] 1975-09-11.jpg] [accessed 26 March 2014]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission by Jonathan Plunkett

view of font - west side

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Carter (1838: pl. LXXVI) [detail]

Copyright Instructions: PD

INFORMATION

FontID: 00745EAS

Church/Chapel: Parish Church of St. Nicholas

Church Patron Saints: St. Nicholas of Myra

Church Location: Church St, East Dereham, Norfolk, NR19 1DN, United Kingdom

Country Name: England

Location: Norfolk, East Anglia

Directions to Site: Located off (N) the A47, about 24 km W of Norwich

Ecclesiastic Region: Diocese of Norwich [formerly in the Diocese of Ely]

Historical Region: Hundred and half of Mitford

Font Location in Church: Inside the church, at the W end of the nave, centre aisle

Date: ca. 1468 [1488?]

Century and Period: 15th century, Perpendicular

Workshop/Group/Artisan: Seven-Sacraments font / Norfolk group 24

Cognate Fonts: Other Seven-sacrament fonts

Credit and Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Simon Knott, of www.norfolkchurches.co.uk, for his photographs of this church and font; we are also grateful to Jonathan Plunkett for the photographs of this church taken by his father, George Plunkett, in 1937, 1948 and 1975

Church Notes: original church here may have been part of the 7thC convent, later turned parroquial-- Noted in Gough (1792): "Mr. Robinson [fn: p. 130] suggests that the bath near one of the church of East Dereham in Norfolk was a baptistery" [it is a well now in the churchyard].

Font Notes: Click to view font notes

Neither of the two entries for [East] Dereham [variant spelling] in the Domesday survey [http://domesdaymap.co.uk/place/TF9813/east-dereham/] [accessed 26 March 2014] reports a church or cleric in them, but Blomefield (1805-1810) writes of a very early church here, one that was associated to the Benedictine nunnery founded in 650 A.D. for Withburga, daughter of Anna, king of the East-Angles: "Withburga died, and was buried in the churchyard, after which the pagan Danes coming into England, the nunnery was destroyed, and the church made parochial; this happened about 55 years after her decease". That early church may have completely disappeared by 1086. Blomefield (ibid.) writes of the later church here: "The Church of East-Dereham is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and has a chapel belonging to it at Hoo [...] Rectors. 1240, Robert Passelaw, chaplain to King Henry III. he was chancellor of the Exchequer, archdeacon of Lewis, (elected by the canons,) Bishop of Chichester, in the 30 of Henry III. but was set aside, and died rector. [...] This church is a large pile built in the form of a cathedral or collegiate church; it has a nave, north and south isles; two transepts. or cross isles, and a chancel all leaded; there is a tower between the body of the church and the chancel, which is of antique building, as in many cathedrals [...] n the beginning of the sixteenth century (1501) and in the latter part of Henry the Seventh's reign, the tower in the middle of the church was thought not strong enough for the bells; part of that and the bells were then taken away, and the large tower (then called the new clocker) in the churchyard, on the south side, and about 20 yards from the chancel, was begun; it was several years in building, and benefactions towards carrying it on were given from 1508, to 1516; in it are now a clock and eight bells; it was never completed, but the present flat roof was put up and leaded in Henry the Eighth's reign [1509-1547]. The font is very handsome; it is of stone, the form octangular, there are the representation of our Saviour's crucifixion, and the seven sacraments of the Romish church carved upon it, below which are eight of the Apostles at full length, and at the eight corners beneath them are the Four Evangelists and the symbol of each, namely, an angel, lion, bull, and eagle. The ascent up to it is by a double octagon; the upper octagon is curiously worked in the Gothic taste; it was erected in 1468. The following extract from an old church account of the expense of erecting it is very curious. 'Costs of the new Funte.' Imprimis. Payd to the mason quan he toke the seyd funte in arnest iiij [d.] Item. Payd for makyng of an obligaceon, in the which he was bound for the seyd werkiiij [d.] Item. Payd for lying of the fre stone that was for the seyd funte atte Lynne xxij [d.] Item. Payd for cranyng of the seyd stone ij [s.] viij [d.] Item. Payd for carying iiij lods of the seyd fre stone fro Lynne to Est Derham, per i lod carying ijs. vjd. Suma. x [li.] Item. Payd to Thomas Plafote for carying of iij lodes of fre stone be the seyd space takyng for a lode iijs. Suma. ix [s.] tem. Payd for di. chaldyr of lyme xxd. and cc tyle bowt atte Norwich, xvid [iiij [s.] Item. Payd to Rob. Crane for carrying of the seyd lyme and tyle xx [s.] Item. Payd to Ric. Westhawe for iron work to the seyd funte xj [d.] Item. In expens upon help quan the funte was in the reysing ij [d.] Item. Payd to the mason for werkmanship of the seyd funte x [li.] Item. To his reward. xx [s.] Item. Payd to Will. Plomer for ledyng of the newe funte ij [s.] v [d] Item. Payd William Pylche for makyng of the stole to the funte, and the keveryng of the same xx [d.] Item. Payd for makyng of aquetance betwyx our mason and us. ij [d.] Suma xij [li.] xiij [s.] ix [d.] Of this money fifty shillings and two-pence was raised by a voluntary subscription of the inhabitants; the rent of the church lands, (at that time very small,) the Sunday gatherings, and the legacies or questword of the deceased, supplied the rest, and were the funds from which the church was repaired and ornamented. To this stone font, in the year 1678, was added a Gothic top, ornamented in the taste of the time, and supported by four fluted pillars. The present font is noted in Britton's Dictionary of 1838, with reference to an etching of this font in Carter's Ancient sculpture and painting (1838, vol. ii, p. 1). The Mirror of Literature, Amusement and Instruction (no. 969, vol. xxxiv, 21 September 1839: 186) mentions "a beautiful hexagon font" in the porch at the East Dereham church. Noted with an engraving in Knight's Old England (1845). Lewis' Dictionary of 1848 reports: "the font, supported on an octangular pedestal, is beautifully sculptured". Clarke (1852) notes: "The font, which has been removed into the north transept, is a remarkable piece of antiquity, and is one of the handsomest in the county." Studied and described in Nichols (1994): Seven-sacrament font, "the most graceful" of the Norfolk group according to Cautley (1949). Nichols reports that the font was moved to the present location in the 19th century, and lists the order of the scenes on the basin sides as follows: 1)Baptism; 2)Confirmation; 3)Penance; 4)Eucharist; 5)Holy Orders; 6)Matrimony; 7)Extreme Unction; 8)Crucifixion. The stem of the base is also octagonal but only six figures appear on it, as reported by Nichols, etc.; some of the lower base figures are damaged. Described and illustrated in Carter (1838) [though the first edition of this work came out in 1780-1794; the actual drawing of the font with a description by Sir John Fenn dates from 1786]; Carter includes a reference to the church archives for the cost of the font, with ten pounds, plus a reward ot twenty shillings, having been paid to the mason in 1468 for his work; Carter also informs that in 1678 "a top or canopy of carved wood, supported by four fluted pillars, was added to the Font". Gough (1792) mentions, among other details, "on the shft eight of the Apostles at full length, and at the eight corners between them the other eight fitting, and the symbols of the four Evangelists between them". Gough (ibid.) states that this font was erected in 1468 and provides an extract from the details of the cost of the font from the church archives [cf. Images area]. Gough (ibid.) adds that "to this stone font in the year 1678 was added a Gotic top ornamented in the taste of the time, and suported by four fluted pillars [fn1]". Illustrated in Knight (1845). Woodcut by Orlando Jewitt in Rickman & Parker (1881) showing the font raised on a two-step plinth on which there is a taller priest's stone; the upper step sides are ornamented with quatrefoil motifs. Tyrrell-Green (1928) writes that the tomb of St. Withburga (†743 AD) was located near this church; when, ca. 800 AD, her relics were moved into the church, "a miraculous spring [...] is said to have issued from the grave wherein she had lain. A chapel was later built over this miraculous spring, and for many centuries water drawn from it was used for baptisms in the font within the church." Noted and illustrated in Needham (1944). Described and illustrated in Cautley (1949) as "the most graceful of the Norfolk Group, though the arched corona is not happily managed, and so does not achieve the beauty of that at Cratfield (Suffolk) which, all things considered, is the finest of the whole group"; Cautley (ibid.) gives the cost of this font at "£12 14s. 2d." The font is octagonal mounted; the Sacrament scenes occur on the panels of the basin sides; angels busts, one per side, appear on the chamfer. The pedestal of the base has niches with standing figures; Nichols (ibid.) identifies: "Andrew, James GT., Bartholomew, Jude, James Lt?, Philip, Thomas?"). Nichols (ibid.) identifies also a "lion and bird and 3 seated doctors" at the lower end of the base. Jenkins (1999) calls it "the pride of East Dereham" and "one of the best in the county." Pevsner & Wilson (1999) write: "Provided in 1468 for £12 14s. 9d." Described and fully illustrated in Knott (2006), who identifies two of the figues: St. Dorothy and St. Bartholomew.

COORDINATES

Church Latitude & Longitude Decimal: 52.681139, 0.937412

Church Latitude & Longitude DMS: 52° 40′ 52.1″ N, 0° 56′ 14.68″ E

UTM: 31U 360569 5838797

MEDIUM AND MEASUREMENTS

Material: stone, marble (Caen marble)

Font Shape: octagonal (mounted)

Basin Interior Shape: round

Basin Exterior Shape: octagonal

Drainage Notes: lead-lined [cf. FontNotes re: cost of]

LID INFORMATION

Notes: [cf. FontNotes regarding the canopy added in 1678]

REFERENCES

Anderson, M.D., The Imagery of British churches, London: John Murray, 1955

Blomefield, Francis, An essay towards a history of Norfolk, Fersfield, Norwich and Lynn: [Printed in the author's own press], 1739-1755

Blomefield, Francis, An essay towards a topographical history of Norfolk, 1805-1810

Bond, Francis, Fonts and Font Covers, London: Waterstone, 1985 c1908

Britton, John, A Dictionary of the Architecture and Archaeology of the Middle Ages, including […], London: Longman, Orne, Brown, Green, and Longmann, Paternoster Row, and the Author, Burton Street, 1838

Carter, John, Specimens of the Ancient Sculpture and Painting Now Remaining in England: from the Earliest Period to the Reign of Henry VIII [...], London: H.G. Bohn, 1838

Cautley, Henry Munro, Norfolk Churches, Ipswich: Norman Adlard & Co., 1949

Cautley, Henry Munro, Suffolk churches and their treasures, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1982

Clarke, B., The British Gazetteer, poltical, commercial, ecclesiastical, and historical; showing [...], London: Published (for the proprietors) by H.G. Collins, 1852

Cook, G.H., English Mediaeval Parish Church, London: Phoenix House, 1954

Cox, John Charles, English Church Furniture, New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1907

Davies, J.G., The Architectural Setting of Baptism, London: Barrie and Rockliff, 1962

Gough, Richard, "Description of the old font in the Church of East Meon, Hampshire, 1789: with some observations on fonts", X, Archaeologia, 1792, pp. 183-209; r["References"]

Jenkins, Simon, England's Thousand Best Churches, London and New York: Allen Lane, the Penguin Press, 1999 [2000 rev. printing]

Knight, Charles, Old England: a pictorial museum of regal, ecclesiastical, baronial, municipal and popular antiquities, London: Charles Knight & Co., Ludgate Street, 1845

Knott, Simon, The Norfolk Churches Site, Simon Knott, 2004. [standing permission to reproduce images received from Simon (February 2005]. Accessed: 2009-07-23 00:00:00. URL: www.norfolkchurches.co.uk.

Lewis, Samuel, A Topographical Dictionary of England, Comprising the Several Counties, Cities, Boroughs, Corporate and Market Towns, Parishes, Chapelries, and Townships, and the Islands of Guernsy, Jersey, and Man, with Historical and Statistical Descriptions [...], London: S. Lewis, 1831

Neeham, Albert, How to study an old church, London: Batsford, 1944

Nichols, Ann Eljenholm, Seeable Signs: The Iconography of the Seven Sacraments 1350-1544, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1994

Pevsner, Nikolaus, Norfolk 2: North-West and South (2nd ed.), London: Penguin, 1999

Poole, George Ayliffe, The Appropriate Character of Church Architecture, Leeds; London: T.W. Green; Rivington, Burns, and Houlston and Stoneman, 1842

Rickman, Thomas, An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of Architecture in England, from the Conquest to the Reformation, with a Sketch of the Grecian and Roman Orders, An [7th ed. -- orig. published in 1817], Oxford and London: Parker and Co., 1881

Stone, Lawrence, Sculpture in Britain: the Middle Ages, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1955

Tyrrell-Green, E., Baptismal Fonts Classified and Illustrated, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge: The Macmillan Co., 1928