Furnaux No. 1 / Fenal

Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

Results: 29 records

Click to view images and/or subjects

B01: New Testament - Childhood and youth of Christ - Zacharias and Elizabeth

Scene Description: alternative interpretation: Old Testament - Genesis - Lot [a/p identification in Tollenaere (1953: 11-12); she identifies three parts in this scene: a)Lot being led away from Sodom by an angel (Genesis, 19: 12-14); b)Lot with his daughters (Genesis, 19: 16-17); c)Lot's wife disobeys the angel and becomes a pillar of salt (Genesis, 19: 26) [NB: this is a scene otherwise interpreted as Adam/Eve led away from Eden by an angel]]

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053012]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

B02: New Testament - Childhood and youth of Christ - Annunciation to Zacharias - Zacharias and the angel

Scene Description: alternative interpretation: Old Testament - Genesis - the Covenant - God and Abraham [a/p identification in Tollenaere (1953: 11); she gives Genesis, 17: 1-17 as reference for the old covenance, and Gal., 3: 27-28, for Paul's new covenance represented by baptism] [cf. FontNotes]

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053011]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

B03: New Testament - Childhood and youth of Christ - Annunciation to Zacharias - Zacharias' doubt

Scene Description: on the right side of the image: according to Ghislain [cf. FontNotes], Zacharias doubts the announcement of Elizabeth's pregnancy -- alternative interpretation: Old Testament - Genesis - Abraham and Lot [a/p identification in Tollenaere (1953: 12); she gives Genesis, 18: 2 and 19: 1 as references for Lot and Abraham kneeling (separately) before God]

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053012]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

B04: New Testament - Childhood and youth of Christ - Zacharias tells John his role as precursor

Scene Description: as interpreted in Ghislain (2009) -- Matthew, 11, 13: "For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John."

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken 25 May 2007 by Dirkvde [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Fonts_baptismaux.jpg] [accessed 8 January 2012]

Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-3.0

B05: New Testament - public life of Christ - baptism of Christ - in the Jordan - angel holding clothes - 2 - with dove holding vial

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053010]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

LBF01: animal - mammal - lion - couchant - with prey - human - tongue sticking out

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053005]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

LBF02: animal - mammal - lion - couchant - with prey - human - tongue sticking out

Image Source: edited detail of a B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053007]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

LBF03: animal - mammal - lioness - couchant - holding a book

Scene Description: assuming all four supporting animals are lions, this is the only one without a mane; it holds a book [Book of Law?] in its front paws

Image Source: edited detail of a B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053006]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

LBF04: animal - mammal - lion - couchant

Scene Description: head turned towards the left; does not appear to be holding anything

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053008]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

animal - fabulous animal or monster - amphisbaena - with human prey

Scene Description: striking representation of the amphisbaena with its human prey

Image Source: edited detail of a B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053009]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

animal - fabulous animal or monster - amphisbaena - with human prey - detail

Image Source: digital photograph taken 10 April 2011 by EmDee [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fonts_baptismaux_de_Furnaux_38.JPG] [accessed 22 March 2015]

Copyright Instructions: GFDL / CC-BY-SA-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0

animal - reptile - snake - 2 - intertwined

Scene Description: there appear to be two serpents intertwined with the back head of the amphisbaena

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken 25 May 2007 by Dirkvde [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Fonts_baptismaux.jpg] [accessed 8 January 2012]

Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-3.0

animal - reptile - snake - 2 - intertwined

Scene Description: or it it part of the amphisbaena?

Image Source: digital photograph taken 10 April 2011 by EmDee [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fonts_baptismaux_de_Furnaux_50.JPG] [accessed 22 March 2015]

Copyright Instructions: GFDL / CC-BY-SA-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0

cleric? - 4

Scene Description: described in Ghislain (2009) as "priant"; one of two [or, is it Lot?]

Image Source: digital photograph taken 10 April 2011 by EmDee [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fonts_baptismaux_de_Furnaux_44.JPG] [accessed 22 March 2015]

Copyright Instructions: GFDL / CC-BY-SA-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0

human figure - male - bearded

Scene Description: described in Ghislain (2009) as "priant" [or, is it Abraham?]

Image Source: digital photograph taken 10 April 2011 by EmDee [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fonts_baptismaux_de_Furnaux_48.JPG] [accessed 22 March 2015]

Copyright Instructions: GFDL / CC-BY-SA-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0

view of basin - detail

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken 25 May 2007 by Dirkvde [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Fonts_baptismaux.jpg] [accessed 8 January 2012]

Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-3.0

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: the angel holding Christ's garments, part of the Baptism scene

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken 25 May 2007 by Dirkvde [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Fonts_baptismaux.jpg] [accessed 8 January 2012]

Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-3.0

view of church exterior - southeast view

Scene Description: Source caption: "Cet édifice à trois nefs de trois travées avec tour occidentale et choeur à chevet plat sur lequel s'appuie la sacristie à trois pans, remonte au milieu du XVIè siècle et fut remanié aux XVIIIè et XIXè siècles. Du XVIè siècle ne subsistent que la nef centrale et le bas-côté Sud. Le choeur et la tour datent du XVIIIè siècle. Au XIXè siècle, on agrandit le collatéral nord et en 1877 on restaura la face Ouest de la tour ainsi que l'atteste l'inscription au portail. Le plafond, plat, est daté de 1757."

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1973 by Renson [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché M97947]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

view of church interior - nave - looking east

Scene Description: Source caption: "Vue générale vers le choeur"

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1973 by Renson [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché M97948]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

view of church interior - nave - looking west

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1973 by Renson [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché M97949]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

view of font and cover

Image Source: digital photograph by Esteve García Antoñana in www.amigosdelromanico.org [accessed 1 November 2008]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

view of font and cover

Image Source: digital photograph taken 25 May 2007 by Dirkvde [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Fonts_baptismaux.jpg] [accessed 8 January 2012]

Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-3.0

view of font and cover

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053002]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

view of font cover

Image Source: B&W photograph taken in 1943 by the Commissariat général à la Restauration du Pays [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché B053004]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

view of font cover - detail

Image Source: detail of a B&W photograph taken in 1973 by Renson [KIK-IRPA, Brussels (Belgium), cliché M97968]

Copyright Instructions: Reproduced in accordance with KIK-IRPA guidelines

view of iconographic program

Scene Description: schematic representation of the iconographic program on the font in Ghislain (2009) [cf. FontNotes]

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in drawing in Ghislain (2009: 102)

Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE

view of iconographic program - detail

Scene Description: 1st part -- interpretation of the iconographic in Tollenaere [1953]: "dessin d'après Crépin" [cf. FontNotes]

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Tollenaere (1953) [left side -- new interpretation]

Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE

view of iconographic program - detail

Scene Description: 2nd part -- interpretation of the iconographic in Tollenaere [1953]: "dessin d'après Crépin" [cf. FontNotes]

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Tollenaere (1953) [right side -- after Crépin]

Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE

view of iconographic program - detail

Scene Description: 3rd part -- interpretation of the iconographic in Tollenaere [1953]: "dessin d'après Crépin" [cf. FontNotes]

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Tollenaere (1953) [right side -- new interpretation]

Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE

INFORMATION

FontID: 00385FUR

Church/Chapel: Eglise paroissiale de la Nativité de Notre-Dame

Church Patron Saints: The Nativity of St. Mary

Church Location: 5641 Furnaux, Belgium

Country Name: Belgium

Location: Namur, Wallonie / Wallonne

Directions to Site: Located in the municipality of Mettet

Ecclesiastic Region: Diocèse de Namur

Font Location in Church: In the baptismal chapel

Date: ca. 1150-1155?

Century and Period: 12th century (mid?), Romanesque

Workshop/Group/Artisan: Workshop of the abbey of Florennes / Namur font?

Cognate Fonts: [cf. FontNotes]

Credit and Acknowledgements: We are grateful to M. Miel Erpelinck for his help with the bibliographic references of this font

Font Notes: Click to view font notes

Noted in Crépin (1853). Noted and illustrated in Pudelko (1932) with date in the mid-13th century. Le Patrimoine Monumental de la Belgique (1975) describes the font as: "exceptionelle cuve baptismale circulaire en marbre noir de Dinant, ornée de sculptures et posant sur quatre lions couchés" and dates to the 12th century; the same source dates the copper font cover to the 16th century. The iconography of the font is studied in Tollenaere (1953), who gives the font at St-Barthélemy de Liège as cognate; she re-interprets the original view proposed by Crépin [cf. his "Notes d'un touriste" of 1853] and proposes that the first step is to un-do a mistake made in some past restoration: rotate the basin 50-60 degrees to the left so that the central scene, the Baptism of Christ, falls directly above the cluster of tangled dragons of the base; then, continues Tollenaere (ibid.), displace the basin with the base towards the right so that the main scene falls exactly between the two man-eating lions; then, adds Tollenaere, one can identify the scenes in the following manner (L->R): 1)John baptises Christ in the river Jordan in the presence of two angels holding vestments and a dove carrying a vial; 2)Covenance between God and Abraham; 3)Lot is lead from Sodom by an angel; 4)another angel hurries Lot, his wife and daughters away from Sodom, but Lot's wife has already becomed a pillar of salt; 5)Abraham and Lot kneeling before God and the celestial messengers. The ornamentation of the base is described in Tollenaere (ibid.) as a freeze with tangled dragons isupported by two man-eating lions; at the back, two more lions, one holds the Book of the Law, while the last one does not have any specific symbol; Tollenaere (ibid.) further remarks the strong influence of the Mosan metal masters on this work and dates it 1135-1150 on the stylistic evidence. Described and illustrated in Barral i Altet (1989). Described in Drake (2002). Colman & Colman (2002) date it to 1135-1150. Ghislain (2009) proposes a different reading from Tollenaere [cf. supra] and proposes that the general theme of the iconographic programme on this font is "l'accomplissement de l'ancienne Loi dans le Christ annoncé par Jean-Baptiste"; with regards the programme on the lower side, Ghislain defers to Close-Dehin (2008), it "exprime le mystère de deux Testaments selon la pensée messianique de Luc" [Luke (1, 5-25, 57-80; 3, 1-22]. The programme on the main area of the basin sides develops left to right, has the prophet Zechariah in all scenes to the left of the Baptism of Christ; the first scene ["tableau"] represents Zechariah with his wife Elizabeth, and the Annunciation to Zacharias by the archangel Gabriel: Elizabeth will give birth to a son whom they will name John; he will be the precursor of Christ [Luke, 1, 12-17]; the second "tableau" has Zacharias transmitting Gabriel's prophecy to his young son John; the third "tableau" is the Baptism of Christ; the two amphisbaena dragons represent the forces of evil defeated by Christian baptism. Ghislain (ibid.) refers again to Close-Dehin's reading of the meaning for the four lions of the base. Ghislain (ibid.) states that this font originated in the regional workshop that was active ca, 1150-1155 in the abbey of Florennes, following the mandate of abbot Drogon de Tinlot.

COORDINATES

Church Latitude & Longitude Decimal: 50.308354, 4.706247

Church Latitude & Longitude DMS: 50° 18′ 30.07″ N, 4° 42′ 22.49″ E

MEDIUM AND MEASUREMENTS

Material: stone, limestone (calcaire de Meuse)

Font Shape: tub-shaped (mounted)

Basin Interior Shape: round

Basin Exterior Shape: round

Drainage Notes: metal insert

Rim Thickness: 10 - 11 cm [calculated]

Diameter (inside rim): 60 cm* / 57 cm***

Diameter (includes rim): 81 cm* / 83 cm***

Basin Total Height: 40 cm** / 36 cm***

Height of Base: 40 cm*

Font Height (less Plinth): 100 cm* / 94 cm***

Notes on Measurements: * Tollenaere (1953: 10 n.1) / ** Colman & Colman (2002: fig. 11 caption] / *** Ghislain (2009: 94)

LID INFORMATION

Date: 16th century?

Material: metal, copper?

Apparatus: no

Notes: Le Patrimoine Monumental de la Belgique (v. 5, t. 1, 1975: 259)

REFERENCES

Le Patrimoine Monumental de la Belgique, Liège: Solédi, 1971

Carlsson, Frans, The Iconology of Tectonics in Romanesque Art, Hässleholm: AM-Tryck, 1976

Clemen, Paul, Belgische Kunstdenkmäler, 1923

Colman, Pierre, Les fonts baptismaux de Saint-Barthélemy à Liège: chef-d'oeuvre sans pareil et noeud de controversion, Bruxelles: Académie Royale de Belgique, 2002

Crépin, "Notes d'un touriste", III (1853), Annales de la Société archéologique de Namur, 1853, pp. 383-386; r["References"]

Diepen, H., Die romanische Bau ornamentik in Klosterrath, 1931

Ghislain, Jean-Claude, Les fonts baptismaux romans en pierre bleue des ateliers du Namurois (ca. 1150-1175), Namur: Musée provincial des arts anciens du Namurois, 2009

Pudelko, Georg, Romanische Taufsteine, Berlin: Wurfel Verlag, 1932

Tollenaere, Lisbeth, "L'iconographie des fonts baptismaux de Furnaux", 1953, Namurcum, 1953, pp. 7-13; r["References"]