Bethlehem No. 1 / بيت لحم / בֵּית לֶחֶם

Image copyright © James Emery, 2007
CC-BY-2.0
Results: 12 records
symbol - cross
Scene Description: Probably one cross on every other side
Copyright Statement: Image copyright © Index of Christian Art, 1910
Image Source: Probably one cross on every other side -- Illustration in The Index of Christian Art, after Schultz (1910: fig. 11)
Copyright Instructions: No known copyright restriction / Fair Dealing
view of church exterior - portal
Copyright Statement: Image copyright © Benjamín Núñez González, 2017
Image Source: edited detail of a digital photograph taken 24 August 2017 by Benjamín Núñez González [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gruta_de_la_Natividad,_Belén,_Palestina,_2017_01.jpg] [accessed 15 October 2020]
Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-4.0
view of church exterior - portal - tympanum
view of church exterior in context
Scene Description: Source caption: "Konrad von Grünenberg: Beschreibung der Reise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem - Cod. St. Peter, pap. 32. Handschrift, Bodenseegebiet (Konstanz?), um 1487. II + 53 Blätter, 32x21, mit 31 kolorierten Zeichnungen der Reiseroute von Venedig bis Palästina. Text in alemannischer Mundart."
Copyright Statement: Image copyright © [in the public domain]
Image Source: digital image of a Schilderung einer Pilgerreise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem durch Konrad von Grünenberg, um 1487, in the Badische Landesbibliothek [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Konrad_von_Grünenberg_-_Beschreibung_der_Reise_von_Konstanz_nach_Jerusalem_-_Blatt_47r_-_099.jpg] [accessed 15 October 2020]
Copyright Instructions: CC-PD-Mark / PD-scan (PD-old-100)
view of church exterior in context
view of church interior
view of font
Copyright Statement: Image copyright © Bethlem Royal Hospital Archives and Museum?, [undated -- ca. 1930?]
Image Source: digital image of a lantern slide of a drawing, from a collection by Rev. Edward Geoffrey O'Donoghue, now at the Bethlem Royal Hospital Archives and Museum
Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE
view of font and cover
view of font and cover
view of font in context - upper view
Scene Description: view of the two fonts: the later (?) octagonal font was discovered inside the larger hexagonal font [cf. FontNotes]
Copyright Statement: Image copyright © PNN, 2020
Image Source: digital image by PNN in IMEMC News [https://imemc.org/article/archaeological-piece-discovered-during-restoration-works-in-nativity-church/] [accessed 15 October 2020]
Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE
view of font in context - upper view
Scene Description: view of the two fonts: the later (?) octagonal font was discovered inside the larger hexagonal font [cf. FontNotes]
Copyright Statement: Image copyright © PNN, 2020
Image Source: digital image by PNN in IMEMC News [https://imemc.org/article/archaeological-piece-discovered-during-restoration-works-in-nativity-church/] [accessed 15 October 2020]
Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE
view of font in context - upper view
Copyright Statement: Image copyright © Fundacion Tierra Santa, 2020
Image Source: digital photograph in Fundacion Tierra Santa [https://fundaciontierrasanta.es/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/pila_bautismal.jpg] [accessed 15 October 2020]
Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE
INFORMATION
FontID: 00352BET
Object Type: Baptismal Font1
Church/Chapel: [Church of the Nativity / Grotto of the Nativity]
Church Patron Saints: The Nativity
Church Location: Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine / Israel
Country Name: Israel? / Palestine?
Location: Aḍ Ḍaffah al Gharbīyah / West Bank
Directions to Site: Located E of Hebron Rd and highway 60, 5-6 km S of Jerusalem
Font Location in Church: Inside the church, on the right side, behind the 3rd and 4th columns
Cognate Fonts: Some of the large early octagonal fonts found in Italy, etc.
Church Notes: 4thC church by Constantine; dedicated 339; destroyed 529; re-built mid-6thC by emperor Justinian
Font Notes:
Click to view
Octagonal shaped font at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem; every other side has a large cross on it, the front side has a plaque-like ornament with what appears to be Greek lettering; the next side appears to have a large crack on it (Schultz, 1910, fig. 11). Russell (1832) cites a text from Doubdan's 1661 ed. of his Voyage de la Terre-Sainte, in which the font is described as a beautiful base of white marble, round with six panels, about 3 feet in diameter, that is located between the third and fourth columns of the nave. [NB: a lantern slide of a drawing, from a collection by Rev. Edward Geoffrey O'Donoghue, Bethlehem chaplain from 1892 to 1930, is now at the Bethlehem Royal Hospital Archives and Museum -- this drawing looks identical to the one illustrated in Schulz, though neither source acknowledges the other]. The Spanish newspaper ABC issue of 24 June 2019 [www.abc.es/cultura/abci-hallan-pila-bautismal-belen-lugar-donde-nacio-jesus-201906241244_noticia.html] [accessed 1 July 2019] picked up a report from The Times of Israel [missing link]: "Investigadores han encontrado una pila bautismal desconocida hasta ahora en la Iglesia de la Natividad en Belén, donde, según la tradición cristiana, nació Jesús. El jefe de la comisión palestina que dirige la renovación de la iglesia, Ziad al-Bandak, dijo el sábado que los expertos llegaban del extranjero la población bíblica en Cisjordania a estudiar el receptáculo, según informa «The Times of Israel». En opinión de este especialista se trata de una pila bizantina «magnífica», cubierta hasta ahora por un receptáculo más grande. La UNESCO declaró el lugar Patrimonio de la Humanidad en 2013, y hace cinco años después se iniciaron tareas de restauración luego de décadas de descuido de la histórica iglesia ortodoxa griega. Durante la Navidad y otras festividades cristianas, la iglesia atrae peregrinos y turistas al pueblo en la Cisjordania ocupada." An article published 30 June 2019 in Fundacion Tierra Santa https://fundaciontierrasanta.es/la-pila-bautismal-en-la-basilica-de-la-natividad-de-belen-un-misterio-historico-aun-por-esclarecer] [accessed 15 October 2020] reports and illustrates the finding of an octagonal baptismal font *inside* the larger hexagonal vessel known in this location; the newly-discovered basin was actually hidden inside the larger one; it is octagonal at the upper rim but hemispherical on the sides and underbowl, the whole outer surface deeply carved with floral and foliage motifs [="El director de los trabajos de restauración de la basilica de la Natividad en Belén anunció el desconcertante descubrimiento de una pila bautismal en el interior de la ya conocida. Según explicó Ziad al-Bandak, el hallazgo tuvo lugar durante los trabajos arqueológicos en una zona del templo donde ya existía un bloque octogonal de una piedra similar a la de las columnas, situado junto al altar de la basílica. La pila bizantina descubierta ha sido fechada en el siglo VI, tiene forma de copa y estaba oculta dentro del bloque. “Nadie sabe por qué fue cubierta y situada en este lugar, y en ningún documento se habla de ello”, añadió. Según explicó Cayetana Johnson, arqueóloga en Tierra Santa y profesora en la facultad de San Dámaso de Madrid, a Alfa y Omega, pilas bautismales como la ahora descubierta comenzaron a utilizarse en el siglo IV, cuando se empezó a abandonar la práctica de los bautismos por inmersión. “Es una pieza maravillosa, llena de dibujos y de huecograbados en la piedra”, añadió, y esconde un misterio, “porque tanto la pila con forma de copa como el bloque de piedra son de la misma época, y la de copa no estaba en un sustrato inferior, sino dentro de esta. ¿Por qué se preservó?”. Johnson recordó que en torno al bloque de piedra original existen leyendas “preciosas”, como que fue “la cisterna donde cayó la estrella de los Reyes Magos, o donde bebieron sus caballos; incluso que los soldados del rey David bebieron de ella”. En cualquier caso, la ceremonia de clausura de los trabajos de restauración, prevista para noviembre, se retrasará hasta mayo o junio del año que viene, para que estén terminados en las tres partes de la basílica de la Natividad asignadas respectivamente por el Status Quo a la Custodia de Tierra Santa, los ortodoxos griegos y los ortodoxos armenios."
COORDINATES
Church Latitude & Longitude Decimal: 31.704306, 35.207639
Church Latitude & Longitude DMS: 31° 42′ 15.5″ N, 35° 12′ 27.5″ E
UTM: 36R 709213 3509780
MEDIUM AND MEASUREMENTS
Material: stone, marble
Number of Pieces: 1
Font Shape: hexagonal (unmounted)
Basin Interior Shape: quatrefoiled
Basin Exterior Shape: hexagonal
Drainage Notes: no lining
INSCRIPTION
Inscription Language: Greek?
Inscription Location: One of the basin sides
Inscription Text: [transcription not available]
Inscription Source: Marcenaro, 1994, fig. 11 (ink drawing)
REFERENCES
Doubdan, Jean, Le voyage de la Terre-Sainte, Paris: P. Bienfait, 1661
Index of Medieval Art, The Index of Medieval Art, Index of Christian Art, Princeton, [s.d.]. URL: https://theindex.princeton.edu/.
Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, Enciclopedia dell'arte medievale, Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 1991-1998
Russell, Michael, Palestine, or The Holy Land: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, New York: J. & J. Harper, 1832
Schultz, R. W., Church of the Nativity [Bethlehem], London: Batsford, 1910