Liege No. 2 / Leodicum / Liège / Luik

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Results: 47 records

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B01: New Testament - public life of Christ - baptism of Christ

Image Source: digital photograph taken 27 July 2009 by José Antonio Tolosa Urieta [www.infomolina.com]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B02: sacrament - baptism - baptism of Cornelius by St. Peter

Image Source: digital photograph taken 27 July 2009 by José Antonio Tolosa Urieta [www.infomolina.com]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

B03: sacrament - baptism - baptism of Craton by John the Evangelist

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

B04: New Testament - John the Baptist - preaching baptism of repentance

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

B05: New Testament - John the Baptist - baptism of Jews

Image Source: digital photograph taken 27 July 2009 by José Antonio Tolosa Urieta [www.infomolina.com]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

LB01: animal - mammal - bull - 12

Scene Description: Twelve bull or oxen heads and torsos decorate the upper ring of the three-level stone base. Lasteyrie (1929) gives Kings, 1, III, 7, v. 23-25 as biblical source for this motif: "Fecit quoque [...] Et stabat super duodecim boves, e quibus tres respiciebant ad Aquilonem, et tres ad Occidentem, et tres ad Meridiem, et tres ad Orientem [...]" (Biblia Sacra Latina..., London 1977)

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

inscription - partial

Scene Description: "IOHANNES EWANGELISTA" identifies John as the figure preaching the baptism of repentance

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

inscription - partial

Scene Description: identifies the scene in which John the Baptist baptises the Jews: "IOH[ann]ES BAPTISTA / EGO - VOS BAPTIZO IN / AQVA - VENIET - AVT[ ]E / FORTIOR ME POST - ME"

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of base - detail

Scene Description: inscription and base below the baptism of Craton by John the Evangelist

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of base - detail

Scene Description: the base below the Baptism of Cornelius by St. Peter

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of base - detail

Scene Description: three of the bulls and partial view of the inscription above: " NOTATVR QVOS ET APOSTOLICE COMMENDAT"

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin

Scene Description: this side showing John the Baptist preaching the baptism of repentance

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of Christ

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of the Jews

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: on the left the Baptism of Chirst in the Jordan; on the right the Baptism of Cornelius by St. Peter

Image Source: detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: on the left John the Baptist preaches the baptism of repentance -- on the right he baptises the Jews

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: detail of the scene in which John the Baptist preaches the baptism of repentance

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of the Jews

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of the Jews scene: the baptizand Jews

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: the two attendants to the baptism of the Jews

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of the Jews by John the Evangelist

Image Source: grayscale detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: John the Baptist preaching the baptism of repentance: one of the soldiers

Image Source: grayscale detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of Cornelius by Peter

Image Source: grayscale detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of Cornelius by Peter; detail showing the scroll held by Peter

Image Source: grayscale detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of Cornelius by Peter; detail showing Peter's head on the left, the Manus Dei and the inscription

Image Source: grayscale detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: Baptism of Christ in the Jordan

Image Source: digital photograph taken 27 July 2009 by José Antonio Tolosa Urieta [www.infomolina.com]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

view of basin - detail

Scene Description: detail of the Baptism of Christ scene: the angels holding Christ's clothes, and two of the inscriptions

Image Source: digital photograph taken 27 July 2009 by José Antonio Tolosa Urieta [www.infomolina.com]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

view of church exterior - northwest view

Image Source: digital photograph taken 4 July 2010 by Sonowe [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liège_-_Eglise_Saint-Barthélemy.JPG] [accessed 29 October 2015]

Copyright Instructions: GFDL / CC-BY-SA-3.0

view of church exterior - southwest end

Scene Description: Source caption: "Westwork of StBartholomew's Church in Liège seen from the south, ca. 1900" -- image source given as "Kurt, La cite de Liege, 1905", but probably 'Kurth" [Godefroid Kurth (1847-1916)

Image Source: digital image of a ca. 1900 B&W photograph in Kurt, La cite de Liege, 1905 [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bartholomew's_Church_anno_1900.jpg] [accessed 29 October 2015]

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of church exterior - southwest view

Scene Description: Source caption: "Vue de l'Eglise Collégiale de St. Barthelemy à Liège, par Remacle Le Loup, 1735".

Image Source: digital image of a 1735 engraving by Remacle Le Loup [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-leloup-1735.jpg] [accessed 29 October 2015]

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of church exterior - southwest view

Image Source: digital photograph taken 4 January 2016 by Jacques Renier [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg] [accessed 29 October 2015]

Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-2.5

view of church interior - nave - looking east

Image Source: digital photograph taken 4 August 2013 by Davidh820 [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intèrieur_de_la_Collégiale_Saint-Barthélemy.JPG] [accessed 29 October 2015]

Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-3.0

view of church interior - nave - looking west

Image Source: digital photograph taken 9 September 2006 by Promeneuse7 [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LIEGE_Eglise_Saint-Barthélemy_(4).jpg] [accessed 29 October 2015]

Copyright Instructions: CC-BY-SA-3.0

view of font

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Lasteyrie (1929: fig. 716)

Copyright Instructions: PD

view of font

Scene Description: Baptism of Christ

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: Baptism of the Jews

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: on the left the Baptism of Chirst in the Jordan; on the right the Baptism of Cornelius by St. Peter -- Image courtesy & copyright © Malcolm J. Watkins, 2008 [www.heritagematters.co.uk]

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: side showing the baptism of Craton by John the Evangelist

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: the side showing the Baptism of Cornelius by St. Peter

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: this side showing John the Baptist preaching the baptism of repentance

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: side showing John preaching the baptism of repentance on the left; on the right he baptises the Jews

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: side showing the baptism of the Jews

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: the baptism of the Jews on the left; the Baptism of Christ on the right

Image Source: digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Scene Description: showing the baptism of the Jews by John the Evangelist

Image Source: grayscale detail of a digital photograph taken by Malcolm J. Watkins

Copyright Instructions: Image and permission to reproduced received (e-mail of 9 August 2008)

view of font

Image Source: digital photograph taken 27 July 2009 by José Antonio Tolosa Urieta [www.infomolina.com]

Copyright Instructions: Standing permission

view of font

Scene Description: Baptismal font in the Mormon temple, Salt Lake City (Utah, USA)

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Tanner [www.utlm.org/onlineresources/twelveoxenbaptismalfont.htm]

Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE

view of font

Scene Description: Baptismal font in the Mormon temple, Salt Lake City (Utah, USA)

Image Source: digital image of an illustration in Tanner [www.utlm.org/onlineresources/twelveoxenbaptismalfont.htm]

Copyright Instructions: PERMISSION NOT AVAILABLE -- IMAGE NOT FOR PUBLIC USE

INFORMATION

FontID: 00109BAR

Church/Chapel: Eglise collégiale Saint-Barthélemy de Liège [since 1803 -- earlier, until the French Revolution, at Notre-Dame-aux-Fonts - cf. FontNotes for possible original location]

Church Patron Saints: St. Bartholomew

Church Location: Place St Barthélémy 8, 4000 Liège, Belgium -- Tel.: +32 4 250 23 72

Country Name: Belgium

Location: Liège, Wallonie / Wallonne

Directions to Site: Liège is located at the confluence of the E40, E42, E25, E613, etc., about 20 km SSW of Maastricht, about 90 km SSE of Brussels. The church is located between the Citadelle (N) and the northern arm of the Meuse river (S)

Ecclesiastic Region: Diocèse de Liège / Bistum Lüttich

Font Location in Church: Inside the church, in the baptistery

Date: ca. 1000? / ca. 1118? / 1112? / ca. 1110?

Century and Period: 11th century / 12th century (early?), Romanesque

Workshop/Group/Artisan: [cf. FontNotes]

Cognate Fonts: cf. the font at Hildesheim's Saint-Godard and the stone font at Furnaux (Namur, Belgium)

Credit and Acknowledgements: We are grateful to José Antonio Tolosa Urieta, of www.infomolina.com, and to Malcolm J. Watkins, of www.heritagematters.co.uk, for their photographs of this font

Church Notes: original church here 11th-12thC

Font Notes: Click to view font notes

Described and illustrated in Didron (1846), with transcriptions of the inscriptions on the font. Le Grand de Reulandt (1865) mentions this font is made of "cuivre battu", the product of "l'ancienne industrie dinantaise du XIIe siècle connue sous le nom de dinanderie et qu'avaient illustrée notamment les batteurs Jehan Patras et Jehan Joses". De Bruyn (1869) mentions the fonts at "Saint-Barthélemy, à Liége, et de Saint-Germain, à Tirlemont" as "spécimens typiques de la dinanderie au XIIe siècle". Lübke (1870) notes "the wonderful basin, cast by Lambert Patras of Dinant ...] from the year 1112". Described in The Architect (issue of 23 August 1873: 100) with date in the early-13th century. In Van de Casteele (1877). In Walker (1883) with same date and maker. Described in Chastel (1966): "Fameuse cuve ... figurant diverses scenes de baptême, dont celui du Christ ... debut XIIe siècle". The font is made of bronze but the caption under the illustration reads "fonts baptismaux de cuivre". Schiller (1971) has: "Bronze font made in 1113-18 for the local church of Notre-Dame-aux-Fonts ... supported by 12 bulls." Enlart (1902) gives the date as 1112 and the name of the maker, Pierre Patras of Dinant; he describes the ornamentation as made of four pannels with baptismal scenes of great beauty and compares it to the ones at the Dom in Hildesheim and at Angerman (Enlart was repeating the attribution that Jean d'Outremeuse had attached in 1877 to Lambert Patras). A little later Kurth (1903) offers a new attribution, to Renier de Huy, his authorship later reinforced by Lejeune (1955). Nordström notes that several different baptismal rituals are depicted on this font, p. 106-107. Lasteyrie (1929) describes two other baptisms depicted here: "le baptême de Corneille par saint Pierre" and "le baptême du philosophe Craton par saint Jean l'évangeliste." Lasteyrie (Ibid.) gives the passage in Kings 1, III, 7, v. 23-25 as the biblical source for the motif of the twelve bulls of the base. Regarding the dating and the authorship by Lambert Patras by commission of Hélin, abbot of Sainte-Marie-aux-Fonts, Lasteyrie (Ibid.) explains that the chronicler responsible for the 1112 date, Jean d'Orval, lived in the mid-13th century, whereas the name of Lambert Patras was unknown until the end of the 15th century, facts which may throw some doubt regarding the accuracy of the attribution. Lasteyrie finds it difficult to believe that such bronze workmanship existed in the foundries of the Meuse so early in the 12th century. Described and illustrated in Zarnecki (1957) who dates to ca. 1110; he names Rainer of Huy as the caster of the font. Described and illustrated in Barral i Altet (1989). Described and illustrated in Drake (2002). Colman & Lhoist-Colman have written on this font in several works, but their main study of 2002 offers a revolutionary thesis: that the font "was modelled in wax, and then cast in brass around the year 1000, in Rome, by a team associating Roman and Byzantine artists" and that it was actually placed at "San Giovanni in Fonte, the Lateran Baptistery". The Colmans argue that it was stolen ca. 1100 "by a German king, Henry IV or Henry V. Such a robbery gave Hillinus [...] the chance to embellish his church with a marvelous gift", and transported to Liège over land and sea, where some of the damaged or missing parts were replaced: "one of the oxen probably, the cover presumably, the base perhaps." As the Colmans themselves state, "Such a thesis [...] will raise passions for some time to come". [NB: the rendition of a baptismal font on the back of oxen harks back at the Old Testament [I Kings iii, 7:25 and 2 Chron. 4 1-4] description of the cleansing basin in Solomon's church -- among several others, an interesting rendition of the idea is illustrated in the huge baptismal font at the Salt Lake Mormon baptismal font [cf. Tanner's 'Baptism for the Dead and the Twelve Oxen under the Baptismal Font', in www.utlm.org/onlineresources/twelveoxenbaptismalfont.htm]]. Dated in Barral i Altet's 'Chronologie' (2003) to ca. 1108. The whole volume of studies edited by Halleux and Xhayet published in 2006 is dedicated to the font; in it is an interesting essay by Philippe Tomsin dealing with the foundry and with issues of metrology applied to the design of the font; Tomsin suggests the arrangement of the five baptismal scenes on the font follows Euclidian geometrical schemes. Described and illustrated in Art mosan (2007)

COORDINATES

Church Latitude & Longitude Decimal: 50.647872, 5.582777

Church Latitude & Longitude DMS: 50° 38′ 52.34″ N, 5° 34′ 58″ E

UTM: 31U 682593 5613857

MEDIUM AND MEASUREMENTS

Material: metal, bronze

Font Shape: cylindrical (mounted)

Basin Exterior Shape: round

Diameter (inside rim): 97.5 cm*

Diameter (includes rim): 82.55 cm*

Basin Depth: 60 cm*

Height of Basin Side: 59 cm*

Notes on Measurements: * [rounded figures; in Colman & Lhoist-Colman (2002: 297), after the measurements taken by the Service de Métrologie de l'Université de Liège (professeur Liviu Masalar)]

INSCRIPTION

Inscription Language: Latin

Inscription Notes: the most complete (?) reference to the full inscriptions appears in Colman and Colman-Lhoist (2002: 299-302)

Inscription Location: At upper and lower rims and on the basin sides over and around the images

Inscription Text: upper rim: "+CORDA - PARAT - PLEBIS - DOMINO - DOCTRINA - IOHANNIS - HOS - LAVAT - HINC - MONSTRAT - QVIS - MVNDI - CRIMINA - TOLLAT - VOX - PATRIS -- HIC - A[dd]EST - LAVAT - HVNC - HOMO - SPIRITVS - IMPLET - HIC - FIDEI - F[o]NS - EST - PETRVS - HOS - LAVAT - HOSQ[ue] - IOHANNES" on Peter's scroll: EGO QVIS […] on John: IOH[ann]ES - BAPTISTA - DOMINI on John baptising the Jews: IOH[ann]ES BAPTISTA / EGO - VOS BAPTIZO IN AQVA - VENIET - AVT[]E / FORTIOR ME POST - ME on crowd: PVBLICANI between: FACITE ERGO / FRVCTVS / DIGNOS / PENITEN / TIE under dove: SP SCS right of Christ: HIC EST / FILIVS MEVS / DILECTVS / IN QVO MICH[?]/COPLACV[/] before angels: ANGELI / MINISTRANTES lower rim: [...]GRATIA VITE OFFICII Q' GRADVS QVO F[...] IMPETVS[...] on John: IOHANNES EWANGELISTA below hand: DEXTERA DEI above Crato: CRATON/PhILOSO/PHVS lower rim: "+ BISSENIS - BOBVS - PASTORVM - FORMA - NOTATVR -- QVOS - ET - APOSTOLICE - COMMENDAT - GRATIA - VITE --- OFFICIIQ[ue] - GRADVS - QVO - FLVMINIS - IMPETVS - HVIVS --- LETIFICAT - SANCTAM - PVRGATIS - CIVIBVS - VRBEM ---"

Inscription Source: Enlart (1902, p.48, ill. 392); Lefftz (2001: pl. 6, 7); Colman & Colman-Lhoist (2002)

LID INFORMATION

Notes: [cf. FontNotes]

REFERENCES

"Essais sur les fonts baptismaux de l'église Saint-Barthélemy à Liège", 26, 259, La Vie Wallonne, 1952, pp. 157-197; r["References"]

"Nachwirkungen des Alten Bundes in der christlichen Kunst", Monumenta judaica: 2000 Jahre Geschichte und Kultur der Juden am Rhein: Katalog, Köln: J.P. Bachem, 1964

L'art mosan: Liège et son pays à l'époque romane du XIe au XIIIe siècle, Alleur: Éditions du Perron, 2007

Études sur les fonts baptismaux de Saint-Barthélemy à Liège, Liège: Éditions du Céfal, 2006

Addison, Julia de Wolf, Arts and crafts in the Middle Ages: a description of Medieval workmanship in several of the departments of applied art, together with some accounts of special artisans in the early Renaissance, Boston: L.C. Page & Company, 1914

Bacha, M.E., "Comment l'on peut prouver que les fonts baptismaux de St-Barthélemy à Liège sont bien l'oeuvre de Renier de Huy", 25 (Congrès jubilaire), Annales de la Féderation archéologique et historique de Belgique, 1925, pp. 170ff; r["References"]

Balau, Sylvain, "Essai de traduction de l'inscription inférieure de la cuve baptismale de St-Bartélemy", Congrès de Liège 2, Annales de la Féderation archéologique et historique de Belgique, 1909, pp. 77-79; r["References"]

Barral i Altet, Xavier, Belgique romane, et Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, La Pierre-qui-vire, Yonne: Zodiaque, 1989

Barral i Altet, Xavier, Chronologie de l'art du Moyen Âge, Paris: Flammarion, 2003

Bloch, Peter, "Taufbecken in Form des Ehernen Meeres", Monumenta Judaica: 2000 Jahre Geschichte und Kultur der Juden am Rhein, Köln: Stadt Köln, 1963

Bond, Francis, Fonts and Font Covers, London: Waterstone, 1985 c1908

Chastel, André, Histoire générale des Églises de France, Belgique, Luxembourg, Suisse, France: Robert Laffont, 1966

Colman, Pierre, Les fonts baptismaux de Saint-Barthélemy à Liège: chef-d'oeuvre sans pareil et noeud de controversion, Bruxelles: Académie Royale de Belgique, 2002

Davies, J.G., The Architectural Setting of Baptism, London: Barrie and Rockliff, 1962

De Bruyn, Hyacinthe, abbé, Archéologie religieuse appliquée à nos monuments nationaux, Bruxelles: Victor Devaux et Cie., 1869-1870

Deléhouzée, Laurent, Architecture romane en Belgique, Bruxelles: Éditions Racine, 2000

Destrée, Joseph, Renier de Huy, auteur des fonts baptismaux de St-Barthélemy à Liège et de l'encensoir du Musée de Lille, 1904

Didron, Ainé, "Les céremonies et les fonts du baptême", 5, Annales archéologiques, 1846, pp. [20]-37; r["References"]

Drake, Colin Stuart, "Romanesque Fonts in Kent: the French Connections", CXXIII, 2003, Archaeologia Cantiana, 2003, pp. 333-352; r["References"]

Drake, Colin Stuart, The Romanesque Fonts of Northern Europe and Scandinavia, Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2002

Enlart, Camille, Manuel d'archéologie française depuis les temps mérovingiens jusqu'à la Renaissance, Paris: Alphonse Picard & fils, 1902

Gevaert, Suzanne, "Le problème des représentations figurées dans les fonts baptismaux de Renier de Huy (1107-1118)", 12, Revue belge d'archéologie et d'histoire de l'art = Belgisch tijdschrift voor oudheidkunde en kunstgeschiedenis, 1942, pp. 169-182; r["References"]

Halkin, Léon, "Les inscriptions métriques des fonts de St-Barthélemy à Liège et de la châsse de St. Hadelin, a Visé", Congrès de Liège 2, Annales de la Féderation archéologique et historique de Belgique, 1909, pp. 588-596; r["References"]

Helbig, Jules, La sculpture et les arts plastiques au Pays de Liège, 1890

Herbillon, Jules, "Lambert Patras et les fonts baptismaux de Saint-Barthélemy", 26, 260, La Vie Wallonne, 1952, pp. 297-298; r["References"]

Inventaire général des monuments et des richesses artistiques de la France: Commission régionale de Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Vaucluse: cantons Cadenet et Pertuis ; Pays d'Aigues, Paris: Imprimérie nationale, 1981

Kurth, Godefroid, "Encore Renier de Huy", (1905), Bulletin de la classe de lettres, 1905, pp. 227-237; r["References"]

Kurth, Godefroid, "Renier de Huy auteur véritable des fonts baptismaux de St-Barthélemy à Liège et le prétendue Lambert Patras", (1903), Bulletin de la classe de lettres, 1903, pp. 519ff; r["References"]

Lasteyrie du Saillant, Robert Charles, conte de, Architecture réligieuse en France à l'époque gothique (éd. posthume par Marcel Aubert)[2 vols.], Paris: A. Picard, 1926-1927

Lasteyrie du Saillant, Robert Charles, conte de, Architecture réligieuse en France à l'époque romane (2e éd., avec une bibliographie critique par Marcel Aubert), Paris: A. Picard, 1929

Laurent, Marcel, "Aspects de l'art mosan dans les fonts de St-Barthélemy à Liège", 31 (Congrès de Namur), Annales de la Féderation archéologique et historique de Belgique, 1938, pp. 133-143; r["References"]

Laurent, Marcel, "La question des fonts de St-Barthélemy de Liège", 83, Bulletin Monumental, 1924, pp. 327-348; r["References"]

Le Grand de Reulandt, E., "Fonts baptismaux de la Collégiale de Dinant", 21, 2e serie, t. 1, Annales de l'Academie Royale d'Archeologie de Belgique, 1865, pp. 612-618; r["References"]

Lübke, Wilhelm, Ecclesiastical in Gemany during the Middle Ages [tranl. by L. A. Wheatley], London: Cassell, Petter, & Galpin, 1870

Pinchart, Alexandre, "Histoire de la dinanderie et de la sculpture en métal en Belgique", 13, 338ff, Bulletin des Commissions royales d'Art et d'Archéologie, 1874

Portugaels, Lily Amélie, Liège à la croisée des millénaires, Alleur-Liège: Éditions du Perron, 1999

Rousseau, Henry, "Les fonts baptismaux de l'église St-Barthélemy à Liège", Congrès de Liège 2, Annales de la Féderation archéologique et historique de Belgique, 1909, pp. 89-107, 164ff; r["References"]

Schiller, Gertrud, Iconography of Christian Art, Greenwich, Conn.: New York Graphic Society, 1971

Théodore, Émile, "L'encensoir du Musée de Lille et les fonts baptismaux de l'église St-Barthélemy à Liège", (1905), Annales de l'Est et du Nord, 1905, pp. 71ff; r["References"]

Tomsin, Philippe, "Réflexions à propos des fonts baptismaux de l'église Saint-Barthélemy. Procédés de fonderie et métrologie", Études sur les fonts baptismaux de Saint-Barthélemy à Liège, Liège: Éditions du Céfal, 2006

Usener, Karl Hermann, "Reiner v. Huy und seine künstlerische Nachfolge: ein Beitrage zur Geschichte der Goldschmiedeplastik des Maastales", 7, Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft, 1933, pp. 77-134; r["References"]

Van de Casteele, D., "Fonts baptismaux à Huy, à Seraing et à Esneux", 13, Bulletin de l'Institut archéologique liégeois, 1877, pp. 195-214; r["References"]

Walker, J. Russell, "Notes on Continental Churches", (1883), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1883, pp. 49-75; r["References"]

Zarnecki, George, English Romanesque Lead Sculpture: Lead Fonts of the Twelfth Century, London: A. Tiranti, 1957

Zimmermann, Andrea, "Reiner von Huy, auc Renier de Huy", Verlag Traugott Bautz, 2004. accessed in 2024 in the Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/biographischbibl0008baut. Accessed: 2005-07-26 00:00:00. URL: www.bautz.de/bbkl/r/reiner_v_h.shtml.